AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology -- Table of Contents (July 1 2007, 293 [1])

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CALL FOR PAPERS:

Hong Ji, Wei Zheng, Celine Falconetti, Darren M. Roesch, Susan E. Mulroney, and Kathryn Sandberg: 17 $beta$ -Estradiol deficiency reduces potassium excretion in an angiotensin type 1 receptor-dependent manner
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H17-H22, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00950.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Robert L. Wardle, Min Gu, Yukisato Ishida, and Richard J. Paul: Rho kinase is an effector underlying Ca²⁺-desensitizing hypoxic relaxation in porcine coronary artery
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H23-H29, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01158.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Caitlin S. Thompson-Torgerson, Lacy A. Holowatz, Nicholas A. Flavahan, and W. Larry Kenney: Rho kinase-mediated local cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction is augmented in aged human skin
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H30-H36, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00152.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Zoltan Ungvari, Zsuzsanna Orosz, Nazar Labinskyy, Aracelie Rivera, Zhao Xiangmin, Kira Smith, and Anna Csiszar: Increased mitochondrial H₂O₂ production promotes endothelial NF- ${kappa}$ B activation in aged rat arteries
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H37-H47, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01346.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

INVITED REVIEW:

Michel E. Safar and P. Lacolley: Disturbance of macro- and microcirculation: relations with pulse pressure and cardiac organ damage
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H1-H7, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00063.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

EDITORIAL FOCUS:

Martin Buchheit, Yves Papelier, Paul B. Laursen, and Saïd Ahmaidi: Noninvasive assessment of cardiac parasympathetic function: postexercise heart rate recovery or heart rate variability?
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H8-H10, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2007 [Full Text] [PDF]

Richard Schulz and Mohammad A. M. Ali: PPAR ${alpha}$ : essential component to prevent myocardial oxidative stress?
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H11-H12, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00345.2007 [Full Text] [PDF]

Chelif Junor and Kevin C. Dellsperger: Can we use surrogate vascular beds for evaluating endothelial function of the coronary vasculature in patients with cardiac allografts?
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H13-H14, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00438.2007 [Full Text] [PDF]

Ralph J. van Oort and Xander H. T. Wehrens: Subcellular targeting of phosphatases: a novel function of ankyrins
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H15-H16, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00467.2007 [Full Text] [PDF]

TRANSLATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY:

Xiaoli Liu, Jeremy A. Simpson, Keith R. Brunt, Christopher A. Ward, Sean R. R. Hall, Robert T. Kinobe, Valerie Barrette, M. Yat Tse, Stephen C. Pang, Alok S. Pachori, Victor J. Dzau, Kofo O. Ogunyankin, and Luis G. Melo: Preemptive heme oxygenase-1 gene delivery reveals reduced mortality and preservation of left ventricular function 1 yr after acute myocardial infarction
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H48-H59, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00741.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Erhe Gao, Matthieu Boucher, J. Kurt Chuprun, Rui-Hai Zhou, Andrea D. Eckhart, and Walter J. Koch: Darbepoetin alfa, a long-acting erythropoietin analog, offers novel and delayed cardioprotection for the ischemic heart
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H60-H68, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00227.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Yi-Xin Wang, Valdeci da Cunha, Jon Vincelette, Kathy White, Sharlene Velichko, Yifan Xu, Cynthia Gross, Richard M. Fitch, Meredith Halks-Miller, Brent R. Larsen, Toshitaka Yajima, Kirk U. Knowlton, Ronald Vergona, Mark E. Sullivan, and Ed Croze: Antiviral and myocyte protective effects of murine interferon- $beta$ and - ${alpha}$ ₂ in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and epicarditis in Balb/c mice
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H69-H76, 2007. First published April 13, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00154.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

ARTICLES:

Pravin B. Sehgal and Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay: Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a disease of tethers, SNAREs and SNAPs?
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H77-H85, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01386.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Thomas A. Dewland, Ana Silvia Androne, Forrester A. Lee, Rachel J. Lampert, and Stuart D. Katz: Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition with pyridostigmine on cardiac parasympathetic function in sedentary adults and trained athletes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H86-H92, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01339.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Aziz Guellich, Thibaud Damy, Yves Lecarpentier, Marc Conti, Victor Claes, Jane-Lyse Samuel, Jeanine Quillard, Jean-Louis Hébert, Thierry Pineau, and Catherine Coirault: Role of oxidative stress in cardiac dysfunction of PPAR ${alpha}$ ^–/– mice
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H93-H102, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Patrick H. McNulty, Mark A. Tulli, Bryan J. Robertson, Vasili Lendel, Lisa A. Harach, Sofia Scott, and John P. Boehmer: Effect of simulated postprandial hyperglycemia on coronary blood flow in cardiac transplant recipients
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H103-H108, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00779.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Naina Bhasin, Shane R. Cunha, Malkanthi Mudannayake, Marisa S. Gigena, Terry B. Rogers, and Peter J. Mohler: Molecular basis for PP2A regulatory subunit B56 ${alpha}$ targeting in cardiomyocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H109-H119, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00059.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Figure]

Yasutomo Hori, Takuto Kano, Fumio Hoshi, and Sei-ichi Higuchi: Relationship between tissue Doppler-derived RV systolic function and invasive hemodynamic measurements
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H120-H125, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Limary M. Cancel, Andrew Fitting, and John M. Tarbell: In vitro study of LDL transport under pressurized (convective) conditions
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H126-H132, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01188.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Martin Buchheit, Paul B. Laursen, and Saïd Ahmaidi: Parasympathetic reactivation after repeated sprint exercise
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H133-H141, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00062.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Shilin Yang, Li Lin, Ji-Xiong Chen, Craig R. Lee, John M. Seubert, Yan Wang, Hong Wang, Zhong-Ren Chao, De-Ding Tao, Jian-Ping Gong, Zai-Ying Lu, Dao Wen Wang, and Darryl C. Zeldin: Cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor- ${alpha}$ via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H142-H151, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00783.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Expanded Material and Methods]

David X. Zhang, Kathryn M. Gauthier, Yuttana Chawengsub, and William B. Campbell: ACh-induced relaxations of rabbit small mesenteric arteries: role of arachidonic acid metabolites and K⁺
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H152-H159, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00268.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Hui Xu, Gregory D. Fink, and James J. Galligan: Increased sympathetic venoconstriction and reactivity to norepinephrine in mesenteric veins in anesthetized DOCA-salt hypertensive rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H160-H168, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01414.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Harjot K. Saini and Naranjan S. Dhalla: Sarcolemmal cation channels and exchangers modify the increase in intracellular calcium in cardiomyocytes on inhibiting Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H169-H181, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00007.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Vijaykumar S. Kasi, Hong D. Xiao, Lijuan L. Shang, Shahriar Iravanian, Jonathan Langberg, Emily A. Witham, Zhe Jiao, Carlos J. Gallego, Kenneth E. Bernstein, and Samuel C. Dudley, Jr.: Cardiac-restricted angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression causes conduction defects and connexin dysregulation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H182-H192, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Table]

C. Avraamides, M. E. Bromberg, J. P. Gaughan, S. M. Thomas, A. Y. Tsygankov, and T. S. Panetti: Hic-5 promotes endothelial cell migration to lysophosphatidic acid
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H193-H203, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00728.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. Kamishima, T. Burdyga, J. A. Gallagher, and J. M. Quayle: Caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 regulate Ca²⁺ homeostasis of single smooth muscle cells from rat cerebral resistance arteries
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H204-H214, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00669.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Jens Christian Brings Jacobsen, Christian Aalkjær, Holger Nilsson, Vladimir V. Matchkov, Jacob Freiberg, and Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou: Activation of a cGMP-sensitive calcium-dependent chloride channel may cause transition from calcium waves to whole cell oscillations in smooth muscle cells
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H215-H228, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00726.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Jens Christian Brings Jacobsen, Christian Aalkjær, Holger Nilsson, Vladimir V. Matchkov, Jacob Freiberg, and Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou: A model of smooth muscle cell synchronization in the arterial wall
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H229-H237, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00727.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

María Fernández-Velasco, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, Olivia Hurtado, Maria Ángeles Moro, and Carmen Delgado: TNF- ${alpha}$ downregulates transient outward potassium current in rat ventricular myocytes through iNOS overexpression and oxidant species generation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H238-H245, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01122.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Peter A. Watson, Jane E. B. Reusch, Sylvia A. McCune, Leslie A. Leinwand, Stephen W. Luckey, John P. Konhilas, David A. Brown, Adam J. Chicco, Genevieve C. Sparagna, Carlin S. Long, and Russell L. Moore: Restoration of CREB function is linked to completion and stabilization of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to exercise
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H246-H259, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. Lipp, P. Sandroni, J. Eric Ahlskog, D. M. Maraganore, C. W. Shults, and P. A. Low: Calf venous compliance in multiple system atrophy
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H260-H265, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01208.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Deborah H. Damon, Jaclyn A. teRiele, and Stephen B. Marko: Vascular-derived artemin: a determinant of vascular sympathetic innervation?
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H266-H273, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00859.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Claudio Contaldo, Christoph Meier, Ahmed Elsherbiny, Yves Harder, Otmar Trentz, Michael D. Menger, and Guido A. Wanner: Human recombinant erythropoietin protects the striated muscle microcirculation of the dorsal skinfold from postischemic injury in mice
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H274-H283, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01031.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Edward P. Debold, J. P. Schmitt, J. B. Patlak, S. E. Beck, J. R. Moore, J. G. Seidman, C. Seidman, and D. M. Warshaw: Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy mutations differentially affect the molecular force generation of mouse ${alpha}$ -cardiac myosin in the laser trap assay
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H284-H291, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00128.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Susan A. Marsh, Pamela C. Powell, Anupam Agarwal, Louis J. Dell'Italia, and John C. Chatham: Cardiovascular dysfunction in Zucker obese and Zucker diabetic fatty rats: role of hydronephrosis
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H292-H298, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01362.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. S. Kimmerly, S. W. Wong, D. Salzer, R. Menon, and J. K. Shoemaker: Forebrain regions associated with postexercise differences in autonomic and cardiovascular function during baroreceptor unloading
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H299-H306, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00044.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Sung Hyun Kang, Won Sun Park, Nari Kim, Jae Boum Youm, Mohamad Warda, Jae-Hong Ko, Eun A Ko, and Jin Han: Mitochondrial Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels more efficiently reduce mitochondrial Ca²⁺ overload in rat ventricular myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H307-H313, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00789.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Guichun Han, Handong Ma, Rajesh Chintala, Katsuya Miyake, David J. R. Fulton, Scott A. Barman, and Richard E. White: Nongenomic, endothelium-independent effects of estrogen on human coronary smooth muscle are mediated by type I (neuronal) NOS and PI3-kinase-Akt signaling
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H314-H321, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01342.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Vivek Garg and Keli Hu: Protein kinase C isoform-dependent modulation of ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels in mitochondrial inner membrane
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H322-H332, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01035.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Karl A. Nath, Livius V. d'Uscio, Julio P. Juncos, Anthony J. Croatt, Melissa C. Manriquez, Siobhan T. Pittock, and Zvonimir S. Katusic: An analysis of the DOCA-salt model of hypertension in HO-1^–/– mice and the Gunn rat
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H333-H342, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00870.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Piotr Liguzinski and Bernard Korzeniewski: Oxygen delivery by blood determines the maximal VO₂ and work rate during whole body exercise in humans: in silico studies
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H343-H353, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01371.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Stacey L. House, Susan J. Melhorn, Gilbert Newman, Thomas Doetschman, and Jo El J. Schultz: The protein kinase C pathway mediates cardioprotection induced by cardiac-specific overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-2
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H354-H365, 2007. First published March 2, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00804.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

MaryEllen Carlile-Klusacek and Victor Rizzo: Endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization in response to PAR1 stimulation is mediated by membrane rafts but not caveolae
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H366-H375, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01044.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Ming-He Huang, Hui-Qun Wang, William R. Roeske, Yochai Birnbaum, Yewen Wu, Ning-Ping Yang, Yu Lin, Yumei Ye, David J. McAdoo, Michael G. Hughes, Scott D. Lick, Paul J. Boor, Charles Y. Lui, and Barry F. Uretsky: Mediating ${delta}$ -opioid-initiated heart protection via the $beta$ ₂-adrenergic receptor: role of the intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cell
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H376-H384, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01195.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Naohiro Yano, Vlad Ianus, Ting C. Zhao, Andy Tseng, James F. Padbury, and Yi-Tang Tseng: A novel signaling pathway for $beta$ -adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H385-H393, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01318.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Fernando A. Oliveira, Silvia Guatimosim, Carlos H. Castro, Diogo T. Galan, Sandra Lauton-Santos, Angela M. Ribeiro, Alvair P. Almeida, and Jader S. Cruz: Abolition of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in hearts from thiamine-deficient rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H394-H401, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00833.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Kevin B. Atkins, Antoine Prezkop, James L. Park, Jharna Saha, Damon Duquaine, Maureen J. Charron, Ann Louise Olson, and Frank C. Brosius, 3rd: Preserved expression of GLUT4 prevents enhanced agonist-induced vascular reactivity and MYPT1 phosphorylation in hypertensive mouse aorta
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H402-H408, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00854.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Ben T. A. Esch, Jessica M. Scott, Mark J. Haykowsky, Don C. McKenzie, and Darren E. R. Warburton: Diastolic ventricular interactions in endurance-trained athletes during orthostatic stress
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H409-H415, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00928.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Masashi Ichinose, Shunsaku Koga, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, and Takeshi Nishiyasu: Modulation of the spontaneous beat-to-beat fluctuations in peripheral vascular resistance during activation of muscle metaboreflex
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H416-H424, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01196.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Marvin S. Medow, Indu Taneja, and Julian M. Stewart: Cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase dependence of cutaneous reactive hyperemia in humans
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H425-H432, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01217.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. L. Jardine, C. J. Charles, C. M. Frampton, and A. M. Richards: Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction in a conscious sheep model
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H433-H439, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01262.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Randolph L. Corteling, Suzanne E. Brett, Hao Yin, Xi-Long Zheng, Michael P. Walsh, and Donald G. Welsh: The functional consequence of RhoA knockdown by RNA interference in rat cerebral arteries
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H440-H447, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01374.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Ryon M. Bateman, Chiho Tokunaga, Thoma Kareco, Delbert R. Dorscheid, and Keith R. Walley: Myocardial hypoxia-inducible HIF-1 ${alpha}$ , VEGF, and GLUT1 gene expression is associated with microvascular and ICAM-1 heterogeneity during endotoxemia
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H448-H456, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Li Zhang, Huamei He, and James A. Balschi: Metformin and phenformin activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart by increasing cytosolic AMP concentration
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H457-H466, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00002.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Yu-Sok Kim, Rikke Krogh-Madsen, Peter Rasmussen, Peter Plomgaard, Shigehiko Ogoh, Niels H. Secher, and Johannes J. van Lieshout: Effects of hyperglycemia on the cerebrovascular response to rhythmic handgrip exercise
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H467-H473, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00045.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Nobutake Shimojo, Subrina Jesmin, Sohel Zaedi, Takeshi Otsuki, Seiji Maeda, Naoto Yamaguchi, Kazutaka Aonuma, Yuichi Hattori, and Takashi Miyauchi: Contributory role of VEGF overexpression in endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H474-H481, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00922.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Zhihua Jiang, Peng Yu, Ming Tao, Chessy Fernandez, Cristos Ifantides, Olajompo Moloye, Gregory S. Schultz, C. Keith Ozaki, and Scott A. Berceli: TGF- $beta$ - and CTGF-mediated fibroblast recruitment influences early outward vein graft remodeling
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H482-H488, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01372.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Etty Grad, Mordechai Golomb, Irit Mor-Yosef, Nikolay Koroukhov, Chaim Lotan, Elazer R. Edelman, and Haim D. Danenberg: Transgenic expression of human C-reactive protein suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and bioactivity after vascular injury
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H489-H495, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01418.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Hélène Thibault, Ludovic Gomez, Erwan Donal, Gerard Pontier, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Michel Ovize, and Geneviève Derumeaux: Acute myocardial infarction in mice: assessment of transmurality by strain rate imaging
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H496-H502, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00087.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Konstantin Agladze, Matthew W. Kay, Valentin Krinsky, and Narine Sarvazyan: Interaction between spiral and paced waves in cardiac tissue
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H503-H513, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01060.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Videos]

Chihiro Hosoda, Masami Hiroyama, Atsushi Sanbe, Jun-ichi Birumachi, Tadaichi Kitamura, Susanna Cotecchia, Paul C. Simpson, Gozoh Tsujimoto, and Akito Tanoue: Blockade of both ${alpha}$ _1A- and ${alpha}$ _1B-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling is required to inhibit neointimal formation in the mouse femoral artery
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H514-H519, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00626.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Angela Tesse, Ferhat Meziani, Eric David, Nunzia Carusio, Helene Kremer, Francis Schneider, and Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina: Microparticles from preeclamptic women induce vascular hyporeactivity in vessels from pregnant mice through an overproduction of NO
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H520-H525, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01094.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Alex Dyson, Ray Stidwill, Val Taylor, and Mervyn Singer: Tissue oxygen monitoring in rodent models of shock
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H526-H533, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00052.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Jan Møller Nielsen, Steen B. Kristiansen, Steffen Ringgaard, Torsten Toftegaard Nielsen, Allan Flyvbjerg, Andrew N. Redington, and Hans Erik Bøtker: Left ventricular volume measurement in mice by conductance catheter: evaluation and optimization of calibration
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H534-H540, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01268.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

E. Büssemaker, Frank Pistrosch, Sarah Förster, Kay Herbrig, Peter Gross, Jens Passauer, and Ralf P. Brandes: Rho kinase contributes to basal vascular tone in humans: role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H541-H547, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00770.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Renan J. Sandoval, Elisha R. Injeti, James M. Williams, William T. Georthoffer, and William J. Pearce: Myogenic contractility is more dependent on myofilament calcium sensitization in term fetal than adult ovine cerebral arteries
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H548-H556, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00134.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Stephanie L. Curtis, Andrew Zambanini, Jamil Mayet, Simon A. McG Thom, Rodney Foale, Kim H. Parker, and Alun D. Hughes: Reduced systolic wave generation and increased peripheral wave reflection in chronic heart failure
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H557-H562, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01095.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Julio Altamirano and Donald M. Bers: Effect of intracellular Ca²⁺ and action potential duration on L-type Ca²⁺ channel inactivation and recovery from inactivation in rabbit cardiac myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H563-H573, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Jessica E. Wagenseil, Russell H. Knutsen, Dean Y. Li, and Robert P. Mecham: Elastin-insufficient mice show normal cardiovascular remodeling in 2K1C hypertension despite higher baseline pressure and unique cardiovascular architecture
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H574-H582, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00205.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Hanan Keren, Daniel Burkhoff, and Pierre Squara: Evaluation of a noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitoring system based on thoracic bioreactance
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H583-H589, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00195.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Eduard I. Dedkov, Wei Zheng, Lance P. Christensen, Robert M. Weiss, Florence Mahlberg-Gaudin, and Robert J. Tomanek: Preservation of coronary reserve by ivabradine-induced reduction in heart rate in infarcted rats is associated with decrease in perivascular collagen
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H590-H598, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00047.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Anuradha Guggilam, Masudul Haque, Edmund Kenneth Kerut, Elizabeth McIlwain, Pamela Lucchesi, Inder Seghal, and Joseph Francis: TNF- ${alpha}$ blockade decreases oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus and attenuates sympathoexcitation in heart failure rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H599-H609, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00286.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Mohanraj Rajesh, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Sándor Bátkai, György Haskó, Lucas Liaudet, Viktor R. Drel, Irina G. Obrosova, and Pál Pacher: Cannabidiol attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier disruption
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H610-H619, 2007. First published March 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00236.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Emmanuel S. Buys, Michael J. Raher, Sarah L. Blake, Tomas G. Neilan, Amanda R. Graveline, Jonathan J. Passeri, Miguel Llano, Teresa M. Perez-Sanz, Fumito Ichinose, Stefan Janssens, Warren M. Zapol, Michael H. Picard, Kenneth D. Bloch, and Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie: Cardiomyocyte-restricted restoration of nitric oxide synthase 3 attenuates left ventricular remodeling after chronic pressure overload
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H620-H627, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01236.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Francesc Jiménez-Altayó, Abraham Martín, Santiago Rojas, Carles Justicia, Ana M. Briones, Jesús Giraldo, Anna M. Planas, and Elisabet Vila: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion causes different structural, mechanical, and myogenic alterations in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H628-H635, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00165.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Marcus Carlsson, Martin Ugander, Einar Heiberg, and Hakan Arheden: The quantitative relationship between longitudinal and radial function in left, right, and total heart pumping in humans
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H636-H644, 2007. First published February 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01376.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Video]

Heather A. Himburg, Scot E. Dowd, and Morton H. Friedman: Frequency-dependent response of the vascular endothelium to pulsatile shear stress
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H645-H653, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01087.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Vijay S. Rao, Laura R. La Bonte, Yaqin Xu, Zequan Yang, Brent A. French, and William H. Guilford: Alterations to myofibrillar protein function in nonischemic regions of the heart early after myocardial infarction
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H654-H659, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01314.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Kenji Tsujimae, Shingo Suzuki, Shingo Murakami, and Yoshihisa Kurachi: Frequency-dependent effects of various I_Kr blockers on cardiac action potential duration in a human atrial model
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H660-H669, 2007. First published January 12, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01083.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Takeshi Nishiyasu, Shigeko Hayashida, Asami Kitano, Kei Nagashima, and Masashi Ichinose: Effects of posture on peripheral vascular responses to lower body positive pressure
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H670-H676, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Betty S. Hu, Lee K. Landeen, Nakon Aroonsakool, and Wayne R. Giles: An analysis of the effects of stretch on IGF-I secretion from rat ventricular fibroblasts
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H677-H683, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01413.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Emily M. Garland, Bonnie K. Black, Paul A. Harris, and David Robertson: Dopamine- $beta$ -hydroxylase in postural tachycardia syndrome
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H684-H690, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01389.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Jun-Hui Xue, Li-Fan Zhang, Jin Ma, and Man-Jiang Xie: Differential regulation of L-type Ca²⁺ channels in cerebral and mesenteric arteries after simulated microgravity in rats and its intervention by standing
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H691-H701, 2007. First published March 9, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01229.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Alberto Porta, Eleonora Tobaldini, Stefano Guzzetti, Raffaello Furlan, Nicola Montano, and Tomaso Gnecchi-Ruscone: Assessment of cardiac autonomic modulation during graded head-up tilt by symbolic analysis of heart rate variability
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H702-H708, 2007. First published February 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00006.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Jerome W. Breslin, Nathalie Gaudreault, Katherine D. Watson, Rashell Reynoso, Sarah Y. Yuan, and Mack H. Wu: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C stimulates the lymphatic pump by a VEGF receptor-3-dependent mechanism
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H709-H718, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00102.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Sandra Cappello, Tommaso Angelone, Bruno Tota, Pasquale Pagliaro, Claudia Penna, Raffaella Rastaldo, Angelo Corti, Gianni Losano, and Maria Carmela Cerra: Human recombinant chromogranin A-derived vasostatin-1 mimics preconditioning via an adenosine/nitric oxide signaling mechanism
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H719-H727, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01352.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Ulrich Gergs, Tobias Berndt, Jan Buskase, Larry R. Jones, Uwe Kirchhefer, Frank U. Müller, Klaus-Dieter Schlüter, Wilhelm Schmitz, and Joachim Neumann: On the role of junctin in cardiac Ca²⁺ handling, contractility, and heart failure
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H728-H734, 2007. First published March 30, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01187.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Takeshi Arita, George P. Sorescu, Brian T. Schuler, Laura S. Schmarkey, John D. Merlino, Jakob Vinten-Johansen, Angel R. Leon, Randolph P. Martin, and Dan Sorescu: Speckle-tracking strain echocardiography for detecting cardiac dyssynchrony in a canine model of dyssynchrony and heart failure
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H735-H742, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00168.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Yoshiya Monden, Toru Kubota, Takahiro Inoue, Takaki Tsutsumi, Shunichi Kawano, Tomomi Ide, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, and Kenji Sunagawa: Tumor necrosis factor- ${alpha}$ is toxic via receptor 1 and protective via receptor 2 in a murine model of myocardial infarction
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H743-H753, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00166.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Benjamin A. Coppola, James W. Covell, Andrew D. McCulloch, and Jeffrey H. Omens: Asynchrony of ventricular activation affects magnitude and timing of fiber stretch in late-activated regions of the canine heart
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H754-H761, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01225.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Patricia Rodriguez, Bryan Mitton, Persoulla Nicolaou, Guoli Chen, and Evangelia G. Kranias: Phosphorylation of human inhibitor-1 at Ser67 and/or Thr75 attenuates stimulatory effects of protein kinase A signaling in cardiac myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H762-H769, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00104.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Luis Villacorta, Jifeng Zhang, Minerva T. Garcia-Barrio, Xi-lin Chen, Bruce A. Freeman, Yuqing E. Chen, and Taixing Cui: Nitro-linoleic acid inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H770-H776, 2007. First published April 27, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00261.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

James P. Fisher, Shigehiko Ogoh, Abrar Ahmed, Michael R. Aro, Dean Gute, and Paul J. Fadel: Influence of age on cardiac baroreflex function during dynamic exercise in humans
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H777-H783, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00199.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Gary J. Hodges, J. Andrew Traeger, III, Tri Tang, Wojciech A. Kosiba, Kun Zhao, and John M. Johnson: Role of sensory nerves in the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to local cooling in humans
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H784-H789, 2007. First published April 27, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00323.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Akiko Fukatsu, Toshio Hayashi, Asaka Miyazaki-Akita, Hisako Matsui-Hirai, Yukie Furutate, Asako Ishitsuka, Yuichi Hattori, and Akihisa Iguchi: Possible usefulness of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, for nitrate tolerance: prevention of NO donor-induced endothelial cell abnormalities
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H790-H797, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01141.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. M. D. Watson, S. G. Hood, R. Ramchandra, R. M. McAllen, and C. N. May: Increased cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure is not due to desensitization of the arterial baroreflex
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H798-H804, 2007. First published April 13, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00147.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Benjamin C. Thompson, Tanvi Fadia, Danny M. Pincivero, and Barry W. Scheuermann: Forearm blood flow responses to fatiguing isometric contractions in women and men
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H805-H812, 2007. First published April 27, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01136.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Yumei Ye, Yu Lin, Regino Perez-Polo, Ming-He Huang, Michael G. Hughes, David J. McAdoo, Saraswathy Manickavasagam, Barry F. Uretsky, and Yochai Birnbaum: Enhanced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury with a dipyridamole and low-dose atorvastatin combination
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H813-H818, 2007. First published April 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00210.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Hieronymus W. H. van Hees, Henricus F. M. van der Heijden, Coen A. C. Ottenheijm, Leo M. A. Heunks, Cindy J. C. Pigmans, Freek W. A. Verheugt, Rene M. H. J. Brouwer, and P. N. Richard Dekhuijzen: Diaphragm single-fiber weakness and loss of myosin in congestive heart failure rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H819-H828, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00085.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Natalya Bodyak, Debra L. Rigor, Yee-Shiuan Chen, Yuchi Han, Egbert Bisping, William T. Pu, and Peter M. Kang: Uncoupling protein 2 modulates cell viability in adult rat cardiomyocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H829-H835, 2007. First published April 27, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01409.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Thomas P. Flagg, Brian Patton, Ricard Masia, Carrie Mansfield, Anatoli N. Lopatin, Kathryn A. Yamada, and Colin G. Nichols: Arrhythmia susceptibility and premature death in transgenic mice overexpressing both SUR1 and Kir6.2[ ${Delta}$ N30,K185Q] in the heart
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H836-H845, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00011.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Andrea Di Vanna, Ana Maria F. W. Braga, Mateus C. Laterza, Linda M. Ueno, Maria Urbana P. B. Rondon, Antonio C. P. Barretto, Holly R. Middlekauff, and Carlos E. Negrão: Blunted muscle vasodilatation during chemoreceptor stimulation in patients with heart failure
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H846-H852, 2007. First published April 13, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00156.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Ivonne Hernandez Schulman, Ming-Sheng Zhou, Edgar A. Jaimes, and Leopoldo Raij: Dissociation between metabolic and vascular insulin resistance in aging
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H853-H859, 2007. First published April 13, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00138.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

E. Zittan, M. Preis, I. Asmir, A. Cassel, N. Lindenfeld, S. Alroy, D. A. Halon, B. S. Lewis, A. Shiran, J. E. Schliamser, and M. Y. Flugelman: High frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in asymptomatic individuals homozygous to MTHFR C677T mutation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and homocysteinemia
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H860-H865, 2007. First published April 20, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01189.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY:

M. G. Garcia-Webb, A. J. Taberner, N. C. Hogan, and I. W. Hunter: A modular instrument for exploring the mechanics of cardiac myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H866-H874, 2007. First published February 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01055.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, José Jalife, Stéphane Massé, Eugene Downar, Mihaela Pop, John Asta, Heather Ross, Vivek Rao, Sergey Mironov, Elias Sevaptsidis, Jack Rogers, Graham Wright, and Rajesh Dhopeshwarkar: Optical mapping of Langendorff-perfused human hearts: establishing a model for the study of ventricular fibrillation in humans
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H875-H880, 2007. First published March 16, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01415.2006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Videos]

Mieczyslaw Michalkiewicz, Teresa Michalkiewicz, Aron M. Geurts, Richard J. Roman, Glenn R. Slocum, Oded Singer, Dorothee Weihrauch, Andrew S. Greene, Mary Kaldunski, Inder M. Verma, Howard J. Jacob, and Allen W. Cowley, Jr.: Efficient transgenic rat production by a lentiviral vector
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H881-H894, 2007. First published February 23, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

David F. Stowe, Amadou K. S. Camara, James S. Heisner, Mohammed Aldakkak, and David R. Harder: Ten-hour preservation of guinea pig isolated hearts perfused at low flow with air-saturated Lifor solution at 26°C: comparison to ViaSpan solution
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H895-H901, 2007. First published April 13, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00149.2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Cover Caption:

Cover

Cover: TGF-β₁ immunohistochemical staining in a rabbit vein graft following exposure to reduced wall stress. In contrast to vein grafts exposed to normal wall stress, minimal TGF-β₁ staining or adventitial myofibroblasts are noted in the remodeling adventitia. From: Jiang Z, Yu P, Tao M, Fernandez C, Infantides C, Moloye O, Schultz GS, Ozaki CK, Berceli SA. "TGF-β- and CTGF-mediated fibroblast recruitment influences early outward vein graft remodeling." Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H482-H488, 2007.