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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (February 9, 2007). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01316.2006
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Submitted on November 30, 2006
Accepted on January 31, 2007

Oxygen Sensing and Redox Signaling - the role of thioredoxin in embryonic development & cardiac diseases

Mikiko Kobayashi Miura1*, Keisuke Shioji2, Yuma Hoshino3, Hiroshi Masutani1, Hajime Nakamura3, and Junji Yodoi1

1 Biological responses, Kyoto University, Institute for virus research, Kyoto, Japan
2 Cardiovascular Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kishiwada, Osaka, Japan
3 Department of Experimental Therapeutics,Translational Research Center, Kyoto University hospital, Kyoto, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mmiura{at}virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

It is important to regulate the oxygen concentration and scavenge oxygen radicals throughout the life of animals. In mammalian embryos, proper oxygen concentration gradually increases in utero and excessive oxygen is rather toxic during early embryonic development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products in the respiratory system and increased under inflammatory conditions. In the pathogenesis of a variety of adult human diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders, ROS cause to enhance tissue injuries. ROS promote not only the development of atherosclerosis but also tissue injury during the reperfusion process. The thioredoxin (TRX) system is one of the most important mechanisms for regulating the redox balance. TRX is a small redox active protein distributed ubiquitously in various mammalian tissues and cells. TRX acts not only as an anti-oxidant but also as an anti-inflammatory and as an anti-apoptotic protein. TRX is induced by oxidative stress and released from cells in response to oxidative stress. In various human diseases, serum/plasma level of TRX is a well-recognized biomarker of oxidative stress. Here we discuss the roles of TRX on oxygen stress and redox regulation from different perspectives, in embryogenesis and in adult diseases focusing on cardiac disorders.




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