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Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
Stress-activated
protein kinases may be essential to cardioprotection. We assessed the
role of p38 in an in vivo rat model of ischemia-reperfusion.
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and the
1-opioid
receptor agonist
2-methyl-4a
-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,12,12a
-octahydroquinolino [2,3,3-g]isoquinoline (TAN-67) significantly reduced infarct size (IS), expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (AAR), versus animals subjected only to 30 min of ischemia and 2 h of
reperfusion (7.1 ± 1.5 and 29.6 ± 3.3 vs. 59.7 ± 1.6%). The p38 antagonist SB-203580 attenuated IPC when it was
administered before (34.0 ± 6.9%) or after (25.0 ± 3.8%)
the IPC stimulus; however, it did not significantly attenuate
TAN-67-induced cardioprotection (39.6 ± 3.2). We also assessed
the phosphorylation of p38 and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) throughout
ischemia-reperfusion in nuclear and cytosolic fractions. After
either intervention, no increase was detected in the phosphorylation
state of either enzyme in the nuclear fraction or for p38 in the
cytosolic fraction versus control hearts. However, there was a robust
increase in JNK activity in the cytosolic fraction immediately on
reperfusion that was more pronounced in animals subjected to IPC or
administered TAN-67. These data suggest that SB-203580 likely
attenuates IPC via the inhibition of kinases other than p38, which may
include JNK. The data also suggest that activation of JNK during early
reperfusion may be an important component of cardioprotection.
preconditioning; opioid; mitogen-activated protein kinase; p38; c-jun NH2-terminal kinase
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