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Abteilung für Pathophysiologie, Zentrum Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
Endogenous opioids are
involved in ischemic preconditioning (IP) in several species.
Whether or not opioids are important for IP and short-term myocardial
hibernation (STMH) in pigs is currently unknown. In 34 enflurane-anesthetized pigs, the left anterior descending coronary
artery was flow constantly perfused. Subendocardial blood flow (Endo),
infarct size (IS; percent area at risk), and the free energy change of
ATP hydrolysis (
G) were determined. After 90-min severe
ischemia and 120-min reperfusion, IS averaged 28.3 ± 5.4% (means ± SE) (n = 8; Endo: 0.047 ± 0.009 ml · min
1 · g1). IP
by 10-min ischemia and 15-min reperfusion reduced IS to 9.9 ± 3.8% (P < 0.05, n = 8;
Endo: 0.044 ± 0.009 ml · min1 · g1). After
naloxone (1 mg/kg iv followed by 2 µg · kg1 · min1), IS
averaged 25.8 ± 7.0% (n = 6; Endo: 0.039 ± 0.008 ml · min1 · g1)
without and 24.7 ± 4.7% (n = 6; Endo: 0.044 ± 0.006 ml · min1 · g1)
with IP. At 5-min moderate ischemia in the presence of
naloxone, Endo decreased from 0.90 ± 0.07 to 0.28 ± 0.03 ml · min1 · g1and
G decreased from 
58.6 ± 1.0 to 52.6 ± 0.4 kJ/mol. Prolongation of ischemia to 90 min did not alter Endo,
but G recovered toward control values (57.7 ± 1.1 kJ/mol), and the myocardium remained viable. These responses are
identical to those of nonnaloxone-treated pigs. Endogenous opioids are
involved in IP but not in STMH in pigs.
infarction; myocardial ischemia; free energy change
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