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1 University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7872; and 2 The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1479
The application of left ventricular pressure-volume
analysis to transgenic mice to characterize the cardiac phenotype has been problematic due to the small size of the mouse heart and the rapid
heartbeat. Conductance technology has been miniaturized for the mouse
and can solve this problem. However, there has been no validation of
this technique. Accordingly, we performed echocardiography followed by
simultaneous ultrasonic crystals, flow probe, and conductance studies
in 18 CD-1 mice. Raw conductance volumes were corrected for an
inhomogenous electrical field (
) and parallel conductance
(Gpi) yielding a stroke volume of 14.1 ± 3.7 µl/beat, end-diastolic volume of 20.8 ± 6.5 µl, and
end-systolic volume of 9.0 ± 5.8 µl. The mean conductance
volumes were no different from those derived by flow probe and
echocardiography but did differ from ultrasonic crystals.
Gpi was determined to be 14.9 ± 8.7 µl.
However, hypertonic saline altered dimension and pressure in the mouse
left ventricle. Although Gpi can be determined
by the hypertonic saline method, saline altered hemodynamics,
questioning its validity in the mouse. Although mean measures of
absolute volume may be similar among different techniques, individual
values did not correlate.
conductance catheter; pressure-volume analysis; ultrasonic crystals; electrocardiography; transgenic mouse
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